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Tongue Cancer Care at Konkan Cancer Hospital
Tongue Cancer Care at Konkan Cancer Hospital (KCH)
What is Tongue Cancer?
Tongue Cancer is a form of oral cancer that originates in the cells of the tongue, primarily manifesting as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). It can occur in two main areas: the oral tongue (the visible front two-thirds) and the base of the tongue (the back one-third that extends toward the throat). This type of cancer is known for its aggressive nature and potential to spread to surrounding tissues and lymph nodes if not detected early. At Konkan Cancer Hospital, we specialize in detecting and treating all stages of tongue cancer using advanced, evidence-based protocols.
How Does Tongue Cancer Develop?
Tongue cancer begins when the DNA in squamous cells mutates, causing cells to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells accumulate and form a mass or tumor. If left untreated, the tumor may invade nearby tissues, including the mouth, jaw, and neck, and may metastasize to the lymphatic system, lungs, or bones.
Factors like tobacco carcinogens, viral infections like HPV-16, or long-term irritation can trigger these genetic mutations. At Konkan Cancer Center, we utilize advanced diagnostics like biopsy with HPV genotyping, MRI, and PET-CT scans to accurately identify the extent and behavior of the disease.
Top Causes and Risk Factors
Several well-documented and emerging factors increase the risk of developing tongue cancer. These include:
Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, beedis, or chewing tobacco (gutkha) dramatically increases oral cancer risk.
Alcohol Abuse: Heavy alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco, multiplies cancer risk.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV-positive tongue cancers are rising, especially in younger individuals.
Poor Oral Hygiene: Chronic irritation from decayed teeth or dentures can increase cancer risk.
Nutritional Deficiencies: Low intake of vitamins A, C, and E can compromise cell protection.
Age & Gender: More common in males over 40 years, though HPV-related cases are now seen in younger adults.
Family History: A genetic predisposition to cancer may play a role in some cases.
Immune System Suppression: Individuals with weak immune systems are at greater risk.
Stages & Grades of Tongue Cancer
Understanding the stage and grade of tongue cancer is critical for developing an effective treatment plan.
Staging:
Stage I: Tumor ≤ 2 cm, no lymph node involvement.
Stage II: Tumor > 2 cm and ≤ 4 cm.
Stage III: Tumor > 4 cm or has spread to a single nearby lymph node.
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to adjacent structures or distant organs.
Grading:
Low Grade (Well-differentiated): Tumors that grow slowly and resemble normal tissue.
High Grade (Poorly differentiated): Aggressive tumors that grow rapidly and spread faster.
Konkan Cancer Center multidisciplinary tumor board uses advanced staging tools like TNM classification, 3D imaging, and pathology grading to determine the best course of action.
Signs & Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Early signs often go unnoticed. Be alert to the following symptoms:
A persistent ulcer or non-healing sore on the tongue
Pain in the tongue, mouth, or jaw
Difficulty in swallowing (Dysphagia)
A noticeable lump or thickening in the tongue
Red or white patches (leukoplakia or erythroplakia)
Numbness, burning, or unexplained pain in the tongue
Bleeding without apparent cause
Changes in speech or persistent sore throat
If any of these persist for more than 2 weeks, consult Konkan Cancer Center head and neck oncology team immediately.
Whom to Consult at Konkan Cancer Center?
Patients with symptoms or a confirmed diagnosis should consult:
Head & Neck Oncologists
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Radiation Oncologists
ENT Surgeons specialized in oncology
At Konkan Cancer Hospital, our expert team offers collaborative, patient-centered care designed to provide the best possible outcomes with minimal side effects.
How is Tongue Cancer Diagnosed?
We offer advanced diagnostic tools and evaluations to confirm the presence and extent of tongue cancer:
Oral Examination: Clinical visual and tactile evaluation by a cancer specialist.
Biopsy (Incisional or Excisional): The definitive method to confirm malignancy.
HPV Testing: Determines if HPV infection is the cause, which can influence treatment.
Imaging Studies:
MRI for soft tissue detail
CT Scan for jaw bone or lymph node involvement
PET-CT for metastatic disease
Endoscopy: Used when deeper tissues or the throat are involved.
Biopsy remains the gold standard in confirming squamous cell carcinoma and determining grade and margins.
What to Do After Diagnosis?
A tongue cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but with the right support, it is manageable.
At KCC, We Offer:
Personalized Treatment Planning based on stage, type, and individual health status
Nutritional and Psychological Counseling
Speech and Swallowing Therapy support when required
Pre- and Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
24×7 Support Services for appointments, second opinions, and insurance assistance
Tongue Cancer Treatment Options at Konkan Cancer Hospital
1. Surgery
The primary treatment for most tongue cancers. Types include:
Partial Glossectomy: Removal of part of the tongue
Total Glossectomy: Removal of the entire tongue (in extreme cases)
Neck Dissection: Removal of lymph nodes if metastasis is suspected
2. Radiation Therapy
Delivered via Bhabhatron-II or IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy). Often used post-surgery or as primary therapy in select cases.
3. Chemotherapy
Drugs like cisplatin, 5-FU, or newer regimens are used either as adjuvant (post-surgery) or palliative treatment in advanced cases.
4. Targeted Therapy
Drugs like Cetuximab target specific cancer cell receptors to block growth.
5. Immunotherapy
For HPV-positive or recurrent cases, checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab may be considered.
Gold Standard:
Surgical resection with or without neck dissection, followed by radiation therapy, is the gold standard for locally advanced disease.
Prognosis and Recovery
The survival rate depends on early detection and appropriate treatment:
Stage I/II: 70–90% 5-year survival
Stage III/IV: 30–60%, depending on response to therapy
With modern reconstructive surgeries, speech therapy, and rehabilitation, patients at Konkan Cancer Center can return to near-normal functions even after complex surgeries.
Common FAQs about Tongue Cancer
Yes, if detected early and treated appropriately at specialized centers like Konkan Cancer Center.
It may start painlessly but can cause significant discomfort as it progresses.
Spicy, acidic, and hard foods may irritate the area. Our dietician provides personalized meal plans.
No, but HPV can be transmitted through oral contact.
In early stages, yes. Advanced cases may require speech therapy.
Begin Your Treatment Journey with Konkan Cancer Hospital
At Konkan Cancer Hospital, we understand the physical and emotional toll tongue cancer brings. With expert oncologists, modern infrastructure, and compassionate care, we offer you the best chance at recovery and long-term wellness.
